---
title: "vec3"
---

> Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://aesthetic-docs.pages.dev/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# vec3

3D vector used for world coordinates: positions, raycasts, blocks, projection and the
3D renderer.

```lua
local pos = player:position()
local above = pos + vec3(0, 2, 0)
local eye = player:eye_position()
local hit = world:raycast(eye, eye + player:velocity() * 20)
```

## Construction

`vec3(x?, y?, z?)` builds one; missing components default to `0`. A vec3 is a plain
table with `x`, `y`, `z` fields — read and write them directly. Any table with numeric
`x`/`y`/`z` is accepted where a vec3 is expected.

## Arithmetic

`+`, `-`, `*`, `/` work componentwise with another vector or uniformly with a number
(`v * 2`, `2 * v`). Unary `-` negates, `==` compares components, `tostring(v)` prints
`vec3(x, y, z)`. Every operation returns a **new** vector.

## Methods

| Method | What it does |
|--------|--------------|
| `v:length()` | Length |
| `v:length_sq()` | Squared length (cheaper for comparisons) |
| `v:distance(u)` | Distance to another vector |
| `v:distance_sq(u)` | Squared distance |
| `v:normalized()` | Unit-length copy |
| `v:dot(u)` | Dot product |
| `v:cross(u)` | Cross product |
| `v:lerp(u, t)` | Linear interpolation (`t = 0` → `v`, `t = 1` → `u`) |
| `v:floor()` | Componentwise `math.floor` — block position |
| `v:copy()` | Independent copy |
| `v:unpack()` | Components as three return values |

```lua
local target = enemy:position():lerp(enemy:position() + enemy:velocity(), client.tick_delta())
rotation.look_at(target + vec3(0, enemy:height() / 2, 0))
```

Source: https://aesthetic-docs.pages.dev/vec3/index.md